What three components make up stopping distance?

The three components that make up stopping distance are perception distance, reaction distance, and braking distance.

Perception distance refers to the distance a vehicle travels from the moment a driver first sees a hazard until they realize they need to stop. This component is crucial because it encompasses the time and distance involved in recognizing a potential threat on the road.

Reaction distance is the distance a vehicle travels while the driver is moving their foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after identifying the need to stop. This phase is influenced by the driver's reaction time, which varies among individuals and can be affected by various factors, such as distractions or fatigue.

Braking distance is the distance it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop after the brakes are applied. This distance can vary depending on the speed of the vehicle, road conditions, vehicle weight, and brake effectiveness.

Together, these three components provide a comprehensive picture of how far a vehicle will travel from the moment a driver perceives a need to stop until it is fully stopped. This understanding is critical for maintaining safe driving practices and effectively responding to emergencies on the road.